A method of reconstructing complex stratigraphic surfaces with multitype fault constraints     

Shi-Wu Deng  Yu Jia  Xing-Miao Yao  Zhi-Ning Liu 《应用地球物理》2017,14(2):195-204

The construction of complex stratigraphic surfaces is widely employed in many fields, such as petroleum exploration, geological modeling, and geological structure analysis. It also serves as an important foundation for data visualization and visual analysis in these fields. The existing surface construction methods have several deficiencies and face various difficulties, such as the presence of multitype faults and roughness of resulting surfaces. In this paper, a surface modeling method that uses geometric partial differential equations (PDEs) is introduced for the construction of stratigraphic surfaces. It effectively solves the problem of surface roughness caused by the irregularity of stratigraphic data distribution. To cope with the presence of multitype complex faults, a two-way projection algorithm between threedimensional space and a two-dimensional plane is proposed. Using this algorithm, a unified method based on geometric PDEs is developed for dealing with multitype faults. Moreover, the corresponding geometric PDE is derived, and an algorithm based on an evolutionary solution is developed. The algorithm proposed for constructing spatial surfaces with real data verifies its computational efficiency and its ability to handle irregular data distribution. In particular, it can reconstruct faulty surfaces, especially those with overthrust faults.  相似文献   

基于手机位置数据的四川九寨沟7.0级地震人流分析     

李东平  黄乐  陈海鹏  刘倩倩 《中国地震》2017,33(4):602-612

2017年8月8日四川九寨沟7.0级震后,浙江省地震局利用大数据采集了1031.99万条手机位置记录和4.46万个空间格网位置。本文结合24hr连续定位的手机数据,使用手机位置数据分别对九寨沟灾区人口从时间和地理维度上进行了量化分析,估计了多维人口分布的偏差,同时,探讨了剔除微观误差数据用户来估算灾区通讯基站退服分布的方法。该项工作为震后快速获取灾区人口实时动态分布提供了有效途径,同时也为地震灾害评估提供了较准确的依据。  相似文献   

震后典型建筑物倒塌分类及救援特点分析     

刘晶晶  宁宝坤  吕瑞瑞  胡杰 《震灾防御技术》2017,12(1):220-229

震后建筑物倒塌造成人员埋压，快速的搜索与营救是有效减少伤亡的重要途径之一。本文通过研究震后典型建筑物倒塌类型，从建筑物垂直和水平破坏角度出发，提出一套三级分类体系，并对每类倒塌建筑物的受力及生存空间进行讨论。同时结合大量文献及汶川地震救援案例资料，重点分析总结各类建筑物救援时的路线选择、救援通道建立、被困人员施救等技术特点。  相似文献   

2017年8月9日精河6.6级地震前LURR异常时空演化特征     

尼鲁帕尔&#;买买吐孙  王海涛  张永仙  刘月  唐兰兰  魏芸芸 《中国地震》2017,33(4):712-720

基于加卸载响应比理论，对2017年8月9日新疆精河6.6级地震前加卸载响应比时空演化特征和异常区的孕震积分时程曲线进行分析。结果表明，在精河6.6级地震前，研究区出现了明显的加卸载响应比高值异常区域，异常区呈现环状特征；而且，异常区域随时间逐渐向震源附近迁移，异常演化过程中异常区域内部和周围发生了6次5级以上地震，其中，2次6级地震发生在异常高值减弱过程中，异常峰值到发震的时间分别为11、22个月，大于以往研究的理论发震时间，这可能是受构造应力区域性特征影响的缘故。  相似文献   

地震前兆仪器管理系统建设     

周克昌  王军  黄经国  余丹  纪寿文  刘高川  叶青 《中国地震》2017,33(2):345-354

长期以来,对前兆台网仪器的管理缺乏系统性。为此,研发了前兆仪器管理系统。该系统实现了对前兆仪器从购买到淘汰整个生命周期的管理,其中包括安装、接入、运行、故障、停测、报废等,以及仪器故障维修流程的管理,其中包括故障登记、处理、维修、备机备件库等。基于这些信息,对仪器及故障维修情况进行综合统计分析,为管理决策提供信息支持。本文主要介绍了该系统设计的一些主要技术方面和系统实现的主要功能。  相似文献   

2017年8月9日精河6.6级地震序列重定位与发震构造初步研究     

刘建明  高荣  王琼  聂晓红 《中国地震》2017,33(4):663-670

基于新疆区域数字地震台网震相观测报告，采用HypoDD方法精确定位了精河M_S6.6地震序列M_L≥1.0地震的震源位置，综合分析了此次地震序列的空间分布特征和可能的发震构造。结果显示，主震震中为44.2639°N、82.8294°E，震源初始破裂深度为17.6km；地震序列总体沿近EW（273°）向单侧扩展，展布长度约20km；震源深度优势分布范围为7～17km；沿余震走向的深度剖面显示，主震向西10km范围内，余震震源有逐渐变浅的趋势，余震序列中尾端向SW方向偏转的地震震源较深；垂直于地震序列的深度剖面显示，地震序列自北向南呈现逐渐加深的变化特征，表明发震断层面倾向为S倾。综合考虑中国地震局地球物理研究所给定的震源机制解以及震源区地质构造情况推测，精河M_S6.6地震发震构造可能为库松木契克山前断裂东段。  相似文献   

Two types of summertime heating over Asian large-scale orography and excitation of potential-vorticity forcing II. Sensible heating over Tibetan-Iranian Plateau     

YiMin Liu  ZiQian Wang  HaiFeng Zhuo  GuoXiong Wu 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,60(4):733-744

Based on analysis and simulation, the interaction of thermal forcing between the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Iranian Plateau (IP) in summer is investigated. Associated influences on water vapor transport in the Asian subtropical monsoon region and the formation of a cold center in the lower stratosphere over Eurasia are also investigated. Results show that surface sensible heating (SH) over the two plateaus not only have mutual influences but also feedback to each other. SH over the IP can reduce the SH and increase the LH over the TP, whereas the SH over the TP can increase surface heating over the IP, thereby reaching quasi-equilibrium among the SH and LH over the TP, IP SH and atmosphere vertical motion. Therefore, the so-called Tibetan-Iranian Plateau coupling system (TIPS) is constructed, which influences atmosphere circulation. In the TIPS system, interaction between surface SH and LH over the TP plays a leading role. SH of the IP and TP influences on other regions not only have superimposed effects but also mutually offset. Accounting for contributions to the convergence of water vapor transport in the Asian subtropical monsoon region, TP SH contributes more than twice that of the IP. The combined influence of SH over TP and IP represents the major contribution to the convergence of water vapor transport in that region. In addition, the heating effect of TIPS increases the upper tropospheric temperature maximum and lifts the tropopause, cooling the lower stratosphere. Combined with large-scale thermal forcing of the Eurasian continent, the TIPS produces a strong anticyclonic circulation and the South Asian High that warms the upper troposphere and cools the lower stratosphere, thereby affecting regional and global weather and climate.  相似文献   

苏06井不同深度水温变化特征     

陈健  仇中阳  刘江斌  李松华  李子威  杨彦兵 《地震地磁观测与研究》2017,38(6):64-71

根据2008—2016年苏06井400 m和800 m深度的水温观测数据,分析不同深度的水温年变速率及日变曲线形态,并运用差值、水温梯度的小波变换方法,对2个不同深度的水温变化特征进行分析,发现:苏06井不同深度水温的长期变化与水位变化具有一定同步性,事实上水位变化起主导作用,构造引起水位变化使不同深度水温的表现不同,对周围近距离显著地震发生有一定意义;从短期变化看,不同深度水温之间很少出现同步变化;400 m深度水温异常信号频度及强度高于800 m深度水温异常信号。  相似文献   

Extended finite element framework for fault rupture dynamics including bulk plasticity     

Fushen Liu  Ronaldo I. Borja 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(18):3087-3111

We present an explicit extended finite element framework for fault rupture dynamics accommodating bulk plasticity near the fault. The technique is more robust than the standard split‐node method because it can accommodate a fault propagating freely through the interior of finite elements. To fully exploit the explicit algorithmic framework, we perform mass lumping on the enriched finite elements that preserve the kinetic energy of the rigid body and enrichment modes. We show that with this technique, the extended FE solution reproduces the standard split‐node solution, but with the added advantage that it can also accommodate randomly propagating faults. We use different elastoplastic constitutive models appropriate for geomaterials, including the Mohr–Coulomb, Drucker–Prager, modified Cam‐Clay, and a conical plasticity model with a compression cap, to capture off‐fault bulk plasticity. More specifically, the cap model adds robustness to the framework because it can accommodate various modes of deformation, including compaction, dilatation, and shearing. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Optical dating of sand wedges and ice‐wedge casts from Qinghai Lake area on the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau and its palaeoenvironmental implications     

Xiang‐Jun Liu  Zhong‐Ping Lai 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2013,42(2):333-341

Sand wedges and ice‐wedge casts in the Qinghai Lake area on the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) occur within alluvial gravel or river terrace deposits. In this study, we report the results of quartz Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating of the infill of five relict sand wedges and one ice‐wedge cast. Combining our dating results with previously published luminescence ages of permafrost wedges in the Qinghai Lake area, we show that sand/ice wedges formed at c. 62 ka, c. 45 ka and between 30 and 15 ka, and that the mean annual air temperature (MAAT) was depressed by at least ～3°C relative to present during the sand/ice‐wedge formation periods. This new work is partially corroborated by post‐LGM proxy records from lakes and aeolian deposits reported from the northeastern QTP. It also significantly extends the palaeoenvironmental record in the region in the period before the LGM, when other proxy records are rare, allowing a better understanding of the palaeoenvironmental conditions on the northeastern QTP.  相似文献